DANGER	SOURCES	AVOIDANCE	EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1. high temperature or fire	See Below	in areas with combustibles control ignition sources (mines) in areas with ignition sources control combustibles (welding shops) emergency fire alarms and evacuation fire extinguishers hot gloves protective (non flammable) clothes don't leave room with equipment running shut down equipment if you detect fire or smoke	exit NE corner of room pull fire alarm use fire extinguisher apply first aid
2. electricity	See Below	don't rely on fuses, always power down when working on electrical equipment (know how to do this, some equipment will store a charge) don't work alone don't touch bare or unknown wires keep work area dry use grounded equipment (don't cut off ground plug) be a bad ground beware buried cable and cutting around extension cords	always be sure the area is safe don't get a voltage across yourself ( stepping out of a car in an accident) apply first aid
3. things that cut	saws, drills, paper cutter, knives , lasers torches, water jets anything which removes material	use guards on equipment be trained use push stick never have hand in path of cut don't work alone	apply direct pressure with clean cloth apply first aid
4. chemicals on eye, skin or ingested including drowning	in this class, solvents, ferric chloride, methelene chloride	no horseplay be trained WHIMIS glasses and protective clothes	eye wash station learn about what to do WHIMIS
5. chemicals or fumes in the air	soldering ferric chloride Styrofoam hot-wire smoking (phosgene gas)	ventilation, exhaust fans proper face masks	get out of fumes (some sink) ventilate, evacuate be sure area is safe
6. tripping sliding falling	slippery floors poor footing (drill in head example) not aware	don't fool around no running be aware - for yourself and others	first aid
7. explosions	vapour and spark (basement story) scuba (other pressurized) tanks sawdust and flour bins demo	careful with explosives don't drop pressure cylinders	make sure area is safe apply first aid
8. loud noise	grinding pounding chain saws Walkman airports acute vs. chronic	hearing protection	medical treatment
9. bright light or radiation	sun - eclipse, snow blindness x - ray technician lasers arc welding lasers CRT's cell phones etc.?	shield yourself dark glasses don't look at sun or arc weld protective sunscreen distance from emitting antenna	medical treatment for flash or cancer
10. rotating machines	anything with a motor (or gears) objects can fly off hair or loose clothes can be "sucked" in	use guards tie off long hair no loose clothes	shut down power apply first aid
11. flying particles	nailing anything which removes material falling dust / rust compressed air	wear glasses guards warn others around you	eye wash (maybe) first aid (covering both eyes)
12. crushing, impacts, falling objects	construction sites, falling objects, stepping on nails heavy mobile equipment	proper footwear no bags on floor warn others	apply first aid

• Fuel + Ignition Source + Oxygen = Fire
  • Fuel
    • solid; e.g. wood
    • liquid; e.g. gasoline
    • gas; propane
  • Ignition sources
    • smoking
    • welding, soldering
    • defective machines
    • defective wiring
    • grinding
    • electrical spark
  • Spontaneous Combustion
    • oily Rags
    • hay bails
  • Specific sources in shop
    • hot glue gun, heat gun
    • oven
    • solder irons
  • Other common workplace or home hazards
    • hot liquids
    • cooking oil, hot plates etc.
• Dangerous Electrical Sources

  • TYPE	low current low voltage	high current low voltage	low current high voltage	high voltage high voltage
    EXAMPLE	battery(s) total under 40 Volts	auto battery	power lines in the house, or on grid	lightning
    DANGER	not much unless there are voltage multiplier circuits e.g. . stun gun, flash tube circuits, auto ignition circuits etc.	capable of producing extremely high current, hundreds of amperes especially dangerous if short circuited e.g.; placing a wrench across the battery terminals, creates heat, can cause battery to explode, acid burns, sparks which set off burning of auto fuel	circuit breaker typically breaks at 15 Amperes path in the body important. brass black bad	some survival rate perhaps because of short time duration

  • Current - How you are affected

  0.01 Amperes                                    0.1 to 0.2 Amperes
     
  pain  cannot let go       severe shock           death (heart)
              muscular paralysis     difficulty breathing

• Note about First Aid
  • Some say a little knowledge is worse than no knowledge. In this course there is some mention about some first aid procedures. This is not intended to be inclusive. It is strongly suggested to all students to get first aid training like the one from St. John Ambulance or any other credible organization which specializes in first Aid Training.