What the heck
do they look like?
Sample
Footnotes
The
first references to secondary sources should be highly detailed. The rules are
different depending on what kind of source you are referring to.
·
Articles
·
Books
·
Material Obtained through
Information Service
·
Performances and
Video Cassettes
·
Unpublished Material
(Dissertation or Thesis)
·
Shortened Form (repetitive footnotes)
Book by a Single Author, First Edition:
1. Donald N. McCloskey,
[Notice – the author’s name is typed normally, unlike backwards as is done in the bibliography]
Book by a Single Author, Later Edition:
2. Donald N. McCloskey, The Applied Theory of Price,2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1985), 24.
Book by Two or Three Authors:
3. Donald A. Lloyd and Harry R. Warfel, American English and Its Cultural Setting (
[If there is a third author, follow this example: James Smith, Donald Marc, and Jack Jones.]
Book by More than Three Authors:
4. Martin Greenberger et al., eds., Networks for Research and Education: Sharing of Computer and Information Resources Nationwide (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974), 50.
Book by an Unknown Author:
5. College
Bound Seniors (
Book with Both an Author and an Editor or Translator:
6. Helmut Thielicke, Man in God's World, trans. and ed. John W. Doberstein (New York: Harper and Row, 1963), 12.
An Anthology:
7. Poetical
Works of William Wordsworth, ed. E. de Selincourt and H. Darbishire, 2nd
ed., vol. 2 (
Chapter in an Edited Collection:
8. Ernest Kaiser, "The Literature of
Reprinted Book:
9. Gunnar Myrdal, Population: A Problem for Democracy (
Article in a Journal:
10. Louise M. Rosenblatt, "The Transactional Theory: Against Dualisms," College English 54 (1993): 380.
Book Review:
11. Steven Spitzer, review of The Limits of Law Enforcement, by Hans Zeisel, American Journal of Sociology 91 (1985): 727.
Newspaper Article:
12. Tyler Marshall, "200th Birthday of Grimms
Celebrated,"
["p." is used to make clear the difference between the page and section numbers.]
13. Encyclopedia
Britannica, 11th ed., s.v. "
[The Latin sub verbo means "under the word."]
18. Congressional Record, 71st Cong., 2nd sess., 1930, 72, pt. 10:10828:30.
Unpublished Material (Dissertation or Thesis)
17. James E. Hoard, "On the Foundations of Phonological Theory" (Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1967), 119.
Interview by Writer of Research Paper
14. Donna E. Shalala, interview by author, Madison,
Performances and Video Cassettes
Performance:
15. Anton Chekhov, The Sea Gull, Court Theatre,
Videocassette:
16. Itzak Perlman: In My Case Music, prod. and dir. Tony DeNonno, 10 min., DeNonno Pix, 1985, videocassette.
Material Obtained Through an Information Service
19. Susan J. Kupisch, "Stepping In," paper
presented as part of the symposium Disrupted and
Reorganized Families at the annual meeting of the
Southeastern Psychological Association,
20. Louis Zukofsky, "Sincerity and Objectification," Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.
[The student-writer found the Zukofsky quotation in Costello's book, not in Zukofsky's original article.]
To
document a file available for viewing and downloading via the World Wide Web, provide the following
information:
·
Author's name
·
Title of document, in quotation marks
·
Title of complete work (if relevant), in italics or
underlined
·
Date of publication or last revision date
·
URL, in angle brackets
·
Date of access, in parentheses
Personal site
1. Joseph Pellegrino, "Homepage,"
Professional
site
1.
Gail Mortimer, The William Faulkner
Society Home Page,
2.
National Association of Investors Corporation, NAIC Online,
Book
An
online book may be the electronic text of part or all of the printed book, or a
book-length document available only on the Internet (e.g., a work of hyperfiction).
1.
Peter J. Bryant, "The Age of Mammals," in Biodiversity and Conservation April 1999, <
http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/index.html> (
Article in an
electronic journal (ejournal)
1.
Tonya Browning, "Embedded Visuals: Student Design in Web Spaces," Kairos: A Journal
for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 3, no. 1 (1997), <http://english.ttu.edu/kairos
/2.1/features/browning/index.html> (
Article in an
electronic magazine (ezine)
1. Nathan Myhrvold, "Confessions of a Cybershaman," Slate,
Newspaper
article
1.
Christopher Wren, "A Body on Mt. Everest, a Mystery Half-Solved," New York Times on the Web, 5 May 1999,
<http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily/bin/fastweb?getdoc+site+
site+87604+0+wAAA+%22a%7Ebody%7Eon%7Emt.%7Eeverest%22> (13 May
1999).
Review
1.
Michael Parfit, review of The Climb:
Tragic Ambitions on Everest, by Anatoli Boukreev and G. Weston DeWalt, New York Times on the Web,
Government
publication
1. George Bush, "Principles of Ethical Conduct for Government
Officers and Employees," Executive Order 12674,
1. For the second and all subsequent references to a work, use an abbreviated form. If the work and the author remain the same and if you are using only one book or article by that author, simply give the author's last name and page reference:
21. Kaiser, 65.
2. If, however, you are using two or more works by that author, you must indicate which of the works you are citing. Use the last name, a shortened title, and page reference.
22. McCloskey,