Look at this chart in the order numerically given in the red square brackets. Test inside the square brackets links to the objective you need to know.
| Three Classes of Fundamental
Particle
[1- 12.3.4] |
Three Classes of Observed
Particle [2-
12.3.5] |
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| 1st Generation (make up ordinary matter) |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
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| 1. Leptons (6 types) |
1 Leptons |
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| electron |
muon |
tau |
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| electron
neutrino |
muon neutrino |
tau neurtino |
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| 2. Quarks (6 Types) |
2 Hadrons (particles
which interact by the strong force) Hadrons are made up of quarks, there
are two types of hadrons listed below. |
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| up |
charm |
top |
Quarks are yet to be
detected in isolation so we can only observe them in combinations called
Hadrons |
Mesons (made up of
one quark and one antiquark) |
Baryons (made up of three quarks) These include the neutron and the proton.The neutron is made up of one up and two down quarks, the proton is made up of two up and one down quarks |
||
| down |
strange |
bottom |
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| 3. Exchange Bosons |
3 Exchange Bosons |
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| Gluon |
Photon |
W+ W- Z |
Graviton
(not yet observed) |
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| (associated with strong force) |
(associated with electo-magnetic
force) |
(associated with weak force) |
(associated with force of gravity) |
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| there is a colour charge (analogous
to electric charge) which explains the strong force) |
electoweak force
(It is thought that there is a relationship between the electric force
and the weak force. Perhaps a future theory may combine these forces)
[6 - 12.3.3] |
The force of gravity is so
small that it is difficult to detect gravitons if they do exist. |
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[5 - 12.3.1, 12.3.2] Corresponding to most types of particle there exists a corresponding antiparticle with the same mass but opposite charge. For each of the 6 types of leptons and 6 types of quarks there is a corresponding antiparticle. One example is the positron which is the antiparticle to the electron. If a particle and its corresponding antiparticle meet they can annihilate each other. In this annihilation all of the mass is converted into energy (eg. into gamma radiation). Electric charge is conserved in this annihilation and the mass is converted into energy with Einstein equation E=mc**2.